Sky Tallman

Due Wed/Thurs (9/28 & 9/29):

Read pages 218 - 224 in your textbook. Answer the Reading Check questions.


 

The English Civil War and Glorious Revolution -- Outline

I. Introduction

  • The problem of political disintegration in early 17th century England - the English Revolution
  • England - Absolutism and Constitutionalism in competition.

II. Elizabeth I (1558-1603) - Practical Constitutionalism

  • Withdrawal of nobility from politics.
  • Working with the gentry.
  • The Gentry as a class - hold local power.
  • Parliament.
  • Ministers - the Cecils.

NB: Great age of literature in England - Shakespeare, Spencer, Jonson, Webster.

III. The Stuart Family - Attempted Absolutism

  • Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of Henry VII.
  • James I & VI came to the English throne in 1603.
  • James I & VI 1603-25
  • Charles I 1625-49

They promoted absolutism and the Divine Right of Kings.

James VI A Trew Law of Free Monarchies 1598
- advocated the Divine Right of kings to rule.

A. Problems Faced by the Stuart Kings

  1. Fiscal problems.
    Issue of Taxation and Consent.
  2. Religious issues between Anglican Kings and very Protestant parts of the population.
    Also there were Protestants in Scotland - opposed to bishops.
  3. Problem for Kings in England was the strong tradition of Parliament.
  4. James I and Charles I were not tactful in dealing with the Gentry class who controlled Parliament. James I and titles, plus favorites - Duke of Buckingham.
  5. Also had dirty habits. He had ruled well in Scotland, but did not go down well in England.



IV. The English Civil War 1642-49

  1. Charles II tried to rule without Parliament but he needed it for direct taxation.
  2. Archbishop William Laud (1573-1645), Archbishop after 1633. Episcopacy in Scotland.
  3. Parliament called 1628.
    Petition of Right - against taxes and arbitrary royal power.
  4. Intellectual Debate in the Period
    Ranters Baptists evellers Unitarians Quakers Congregationalists
  5. War with Scotland
    Forced Charles to call Parliament twice in 1640. Short and Long Parliament,
  6. War broke out between Charles and Parliament.
    Cavaliers and Roundheads.
    He lost. Beheaded 1649
  7. The Parliamentry Army (New Model Army)
    Marston Moor 1644, Nasby June 1645

V. The Commonwealth 1649-1660

  1. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) (Destroyer of Ireland) Cromwell became Lord Protector/Military Dictator died 1658
  2. England a Republic
    Scotland and Ireland conquered.

VI. The Restoration 1660-

  1. The Stuarts were restored 1660.
  2. Charles II (1660-1685) was clever king. died a Catholic.
  3. 1662 - Anglicanism restored fully
  4. Mercantilism - competition in trade.
  5. Restoration culture. Plays. Science

VII. James II & VII (1685-1688)

  • Roman Catholic - belief in England in Catholic plots His aim was absolutism.

VIII. 1688 - The Glorious Revolution

  • James II deposed - a bloodless coup known as the Glorious Revolution.
  • William III of Orange and Mary (James' daughter) became joint monarchs.
  • 1688 Bill of Rights said sovereignty - the right to rule - rested with "the King in parliament"
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